The wing population consists of more than 4,800 military and civilian members and about 5,200 family members. The wing is home to three fighter squadrons: the 389th Fighter Squadron, 391st Fighter Squadron and a Republic of Singapore 428th Fighter Squadron, that flies the F-15SG. The wing has the firepower of more than 50 F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft. The 726th Air Control Squadron detachment assigned here gives an air picture to the aircraft as they train. An active Air National Guard unit, the 266th Range Squadron, controls and maintains emitter sites within the 7,412-square mile operational training range located in southern Idaho. 

Additionally, the 390th Electronic Combat Squadron, located at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Wash., is assigned to the 366th Fighter Wing. The squadron is responsible for suppression of enemy air defenses in support of expeditionary aircraft and ground troops by disrupting enemy electronic activity and obtaining tactical electronic intelligence.

Mountain Home AFB and the 366th Wing have a rich history that stretches back more than 50 years to the United States' entry into World War II. Although the wing itself was not activated until after World War II, it shares the World War II heritage of the 366th Operations Group, whose precursor organization, the 366th Fighter Group, stood up about the same time the base was being built. In early 1991, the Air Force announced that the 366th would become the Air Force's premier "air intervention" composite wing. Over the next decade the wing operated with fighters, bombers and tankers. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the consolidation of the Air Force's KC-135 and B-1 force led to the reallocation of the wing's bombers and tankers to McConnell AFB, Kansas, and Ellsworth AFB, S.D. The wing was also home to F-16CJ Fighter Falcon aircraft from 1991 to March 2007. The F-16CJs left the base in another effort to consolidate from multiple airframes to one at Air Force installations across the country.