The rich history of the 366th Fighter Wing stretches back to the U.S. entry into World War II through its connection to the 366th Fighter Group of the U.S. Army Air Forces that stood up on June 10, 1943. Between March 1944 and Nazi Germany’s defeat in May 1945, the group took part in aerial support for ground operations in Europe, including Operation Overlord, Operation Cobra, and the Battle of the Bulge. The group even received a Distinguished Unit Citation for preventing a German ambush of a U.S. armored column outside St. Lo, France, on July 11, 1944. After the war ended, the 366th Fighter Group inactivated on August 20, 1946.
The 366 FW officially joined the U.S. Air Force on January 1, 1953, when it stood up as the 366th Fighter-Bomber Wing before being redesignated the 366th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) in 1958 and then inactivated once again in April 1959. Three years later, the Air Force reactivated the 366 TFW at Chaumont Air Base, France, in April 1962, marking the first time the United States performed a peacetime activation of a wing at an overseas location. The 366 TFW remained in France until July 1963 when it transferred to Holloman AFB, New Mexico, to fly the F-4C Phantom II.
By late 1965, the 366 TFW began deploying to South Vietnam, where it flew out of Da Nang Air Base throughout the Vietnam War. Between 1966 and 1971, the 366 TFW scored 19 confirmed MiG kills in the conflict, including numerous with a 20-millimeter Gatling gun pod. This success led to the wing being awarded a Presidential Unit Citation in 1971 and receiving the nickname “The Gunfighters.” On October 31, 1972, the Gunfighters moved to its current home, Mountain Home AFB, where the wing took over the F-111 and, eventually, EF-111 mission. The wing’s EF-111s provided electronic warfare capabilities to U.S. forces during Operation Just Cause in 1989 and Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm in 1990–1991.
In 1991, the Air Force announced that the 366 TFW was redesignated as the 366th Wing, the Air Force’s first composite wing, which stood up on March 11, 1992. Between 1992 and April 1997, the wing consisted of F-16C Fighting Falcon, F-15C Eagle, and F-15E Strike Eagle fighter jets, B-1B Lancer bombers, and KC-135R air refuelers, providing the Air Force with a single “air intervention” wing throughout the 1990s. After the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the Gunfighters took the lead in striking Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom. In the first months of Operation Enduring Freedom, the Gunfighters flew nearly 1,000 sorties and dropped 7.6 million pounds of bombs, the most out of any unit. The 366th also deployed over 1,400 Gunfighters, the most in the entire Air Force.
Operation Enduring Freedom marked the end of the composite wing experiment when the Air Force reallocated the wing’s KC-135s to McConnell AFB, Kansas, and its B-1Bs to Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota, in 2002. Now only consisting of only fighter squadrons, the Wing received a new redesignation as the 366th Fighter Wing (FW) on September 30, 2002. The 366 FW continued its operations in Southwest Asia during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. By March 2007, the wing went through another full transformation, transitioning from flying three fighter airframes to flying the F-15E Strike Eagle only. In 2009, Mountain Home added the Peace Carvin V program to its mission to assist the Republic of Singapore Air Force in training its pilots who fly a variation of the Strike Eagle. Additionally, one of the wing’s squadrons moved to Whidbey Island Naval Air Station, Washington, in 2010 to assist the U.S. Navy’s electronic warfare mission.
Throughout the 2010s, the Gunfighters continued their support of U.S. forces and allies abroad by participating in numerous deployments to Southwest Asia and the Indo-Pacific. Since 2010, the 366 FW has experienced additional reorganizations that experiment with new concepts within the Air Force. Remaining at the forefront of Air Force innovation, the 366 FW remains one of the most significant Air Combat Command units in the United States.